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Interactions between pethidine and dexmedetomidine in healthy dogs
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Dexmedetomidine has become a very popular drug for premedication of dogs, e.g. for routine surgery like routine neutering. In this study, the effects of pethidine which is also widely used on sedation and cardiovascular variables in dogs premedicated with dexmedetomidine were investigated. The interactions of both drugs are noteworthy!
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Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I dogs were presented for routine neutering. Heart rate was measured at admission.
Dogs were randomly assigned to one of the five groups to decide premedication; group D5+P (dexmedetomidine 5 ìg/kg plus pethidine 5 mg/kg), D10+P (dexmedetomidine 10 ìg/kg plus pethidine 5 mg/kg) with three control groups, D5 (dexmedetomidine 5 ìg/kg), D10 (dexmedetomidine 10 ìg/kg) or P (pethidine 5 mg/kg).
Heart rate was measured at 3, 5, 10 and 20 minutes after preanaesthetic medication. Simple descriptive scores for sedation were assigned after 20 minutes.
Anaesthesia was induced using propofol and maintained using isoflurane in oxygen. Heart rate was recorded throughout anaesthesia.
Results: Sedation scores after preanaesthetic medication were significantly higher (P<0·001) in groups D5+P and D10+P compared with the other three groups.
D5+P and D10+P groups tended to have lower heart rates in dogs at all time points after premedication compared with groups containing only pethidine or dexmedetomidine at the relevant dose.
Clinical Significance: Greater sedation is achieved using combinations of dexmedetomidine and pethidine compared with each drug alone. Pethidine does not attenuate the alpha-2 adrenergic-induced bradycardia.
Source: N. J. Grint, J. Burford, A. H. A. Dugdale (2009): Does pethidine affect the cardiovascular and sedative effects of dexmedetomidine in dogs?. In: Journal of Small Animal Practice
Volume 50 Issue 2, Pages 62 - 66
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