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Influence of septic peritonitis on the hemostatic profiles of dogs
Naturally occurring septic peritonitis is occasionally seen in dogs and may also be underdiagnosed. This new study characterizes derangements in the hemostatic profiles of dogs with naturally occurring septic peritonitis and determines if such derangements were predictive of survival in a prospective, observational single cohort study including 27 client-owned dogs with naturally occurring septic peritonitis.


Standard treatment included fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and surgery provided at the discretion of the primary clinician.

Blood was collected preoperatively and on days 1 and 3 postoperatively for platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations, total protein C (PC) and antithrombin (AT) activities, and thromboelastography.

Measurements and Main Results: Sixteen of 27 (59%) dogs survived. Preoperative PC deficiency was identified in 10 of 11 (91%) nonsurvivors and 2 of 15 (13%) survivors.

Preoperative AT deficiency was identified in 10 of 11 (91%) nonsurvivors and 14 of 15 (93%) survivors.

Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors had lower mean preoperative PC (98 ± 24% versus 49 ± 26%; P < 0.001) and AT (53 ± 9% versus 32 ± 16%; P < 0.001) activities.

Anticoagulant activities decreased on day 1 postoperatively.

As a predictor of survival, preoperative PC activity of more than 60% achieved a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 82%.

Preoperative AT activity of more than 41.5% achieved a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82%.

The maximum amplitude, α angle, and coagulation index from preoperative thromboelastograms of survivors were significantly greater (more hypercoagulable) than nonsurvivors (P < 0.01), with the maximum amplitude being the most specific predictor of survival (100%).

Conclusions: Deficiencies of PC and AT and hypercoagulability appear to be consistent features of naturally occurring canine sepsis and may be useful prognostic indicators in canine septic peritonitis.


Source: Bentley, A. M., Mayhew, P. D., Culp, W. T. N. and Otto, C. M. (2013), Alterations in the hemostatic profiles of dogs with naturally occurring septic peritonitis. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 23: 14–22. doi: 10.1111/vec.12013




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SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE

Reference intervals for blood parameters in Shetland Sheepdogsmembers
Several breeds have physiological peculiarities that induce variations in reference intervals (RIs) compared with the general canine population. Shetland sheepdogs (SSs) are reported to be more predisposed to different diseases (eg, hyperlipidemia, gallbladder mucocele, and hypothyroidism). Consequently, a breedâ€specific approach is more often required. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the RIs of the general canine population could be applied to that of SSs, and to generate breedâ€specific RIs, where appropriate.

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