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Anal sac adenocarcinoma: treatment with radiotherapy plus mitoxantrone
Canine anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC) is thought to be a rare but highly malignant tumour. Is surgery followed by radiotherapy and mitoxantrone the therapy of choice? At least the median overall survival time was 956 days in the 15 dogs of this retrospecticve study...

Radiation was prescribed at 15 daily fractions of 3.2 Gy for a total dose of 48 Gy. MX was given intravenously at a dosage of 5 mg m2 every 3 weeks for five treatment sessions. Twelve dogs received pelvic irradiation to include the regional lymph nodes (LNs) and three received radiation only to the perineum.

At the time of diagnosis, four dogs were hypercalcaemic and seven dogs presented with regional LN metastasis. All the dogs with regional LN metastasis received pelvic irradiation, and in three cases, metastatic LNs were treated in the macroscopic disease setting.

The median event-free survival was 287 days, and the median overall survival was 956 days. Acute and chronic radiation complications were common and non-life threatening, although chronic complications contributed to the decision to euthanize two dogs.

The results observed in this retrospective analysis compare favourably with cases of ASAC in the literature related to treatment with surgery and/or chemotherapy.


Source: Turek, M. M., Forrest, L. J., Adams, W. M., Helfand, S. C. & Vail, D. M. (2003): Postoperative radiotherapy and mitoxantrone for anal sac adenocarcinoma in the dog: 15 cases (1991-2001). In: Veterinary and Comparative Oncology 1 (2), 94-104.




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SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE

Reference intervals for blood parameters in Shetland Sheepdogsmembers
Several breeds have physiological peculiarities that induce variations in reference intervals (RIs) compared with the general canine population. Shetland sheepdogs (SSs) are reported to be more predisposed to different diseases (eg, hyperlipidemia, gallbladder mucocele, and hypothyroidism). Consequently, a breedâ€specific approach is more often required. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the RIs of the general canine population could be applied to that of SSs, and to generate breedâ€specific RIs, where appropriate.

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