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Role of IgE in equine urticaria
Compared with other species, urticaria is a common phenomenon in horses. But we know only a few about the pathogenesis. This brand new publication from Switzerland suggests that IgE might play an important role in the pathogenesis - after the histopathological examination of skin biopsies and special staining.

The pathogenesis of equine urticaria is not well understood. In man, urticaria has been associated with immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms leading to the release of various mediators by mast cells.

Skin biopsies of 32 horses with a history of urticaria were stained with toluidine blue, a double-labelling method for chymase and tryptase, and immunohistochemistry for immunoglobulin (Ig)E.

These horses were compared with horses with pemphigus foliaceus, insect bite hypersensitivity and control horses with healthy skin.

Neither formalin fixation time nor biopsy site influenced the staining methods. No chymase-positive cells were found.

In all groups of horses, cells staining with toluidine blue and for tryptase and IgE were found in the epidermis and hair follicle papilla and significantly more positively staining cells were observed in the subepidermal dermis compared with the deep dermis.

Horses with urticaria had significantly more IgE-bearing cells in the subepidermal dermis than control horses. However, horses with urticaria had significantly fewer toluidine-blue-stained mast cells in both subepidermal and deep dermis compared with the insect bite hypersensitivity and pemphigus foliaceus groups.

This study suggests that IgE-mediated reactions play a role in the pathogenesis of urticaria.


Source: RÃœFENACHT, SILVIA, MARTI, ELIANE, VON TSCHARNER, CLAUDIA, DOHERR, MARCUS G., FORSTER, URSULA, WELLE, MONIKA & ROOSJE, PETRA J. (2005):
Immunoglobulin E-bearing cells and mast cells in skin biopsies of horses with urticaria. In. Veterinary Dermatology 16 (2), 94-101.




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EQUINE

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An 11â€yearâ€old Trakehner gelding was presented for evaluation of lethargy, decreased appetite, mild icterus, and elevated hepatic enzyme activities. Physical examination, serum chemistry results, and liver biopsy histopathologic findings were supportive of Theiler`s disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing results of serum and liver tissue were positive for nonprimate (equine) hepacivirus (NPHV) and a novel equine parvovirusâ€hepatitis virus (EqPVâ€H). A serious and finally fatal problem, caused by contaminated vaccine.

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