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News from the external ear canal of horses
A lot of publications concerning the ear canal and otitis in dogs and cats exist, but less is known about otoscopy, cytology and microbia in the ear canal of horses. A very informative summary for everybody treating horses!

Otoscopic examination and cytology of the equine ear would be beneficial in diseases such as head trauma, headshaking, otitis externa secondary to otitis media, vestibular disease, aural neoplasia and aural pruritus secondary to parasites.

In practice, otic examinations of horses are rarely done due to the perceived difficulty in visualizing the equine external ear canal and tympanic membrane, as well as the need for chemical restraint.

In this study, the proximal external ear canal was examined in live horses using a handheld otoscope and in cadaver heads using video otoscopy. Visualization of the proximal ear canal of the sedated horse could be done with a handheld otoscope, but more sedation or general anaesthesia and a video otoscope would be required to adequately visualize the tympanic membrane in the live horse.

The proximal ear canals of 18 horses were examined cytologically and cultured aerobically.

In three horses, both ears were sampled.

No cells or organisms were seen on cytological examination of 11/21 ears.
Nine of the 21 ears were sterile when cultured. Ten of the 21 ears had mixed growth with low numbers of organisms (Corynebacterium sp. being most common). Two of the 21 ears had heavy growth of a single organism (Corynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus intermedius, respectively).

Equine cadaver heads were examined in cross-section by computed tomography (CT) imaging and histopathology in order to further understand the anatomy of the equine external ear canal.

Equine practitioners should be aware that otic examination is possible and may provide important diagnostic information.


Source: Sargent, Sandra J., Frank, Linda A., Buchanan, Benjamin R., Donnell, Robert L. & Morandi, Federica (2006): Otoscopic, cytological, and microbiological examination of the equine external ear canal. In: Veterinary Dermatology 17 (3), 175-181.



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EQUINE

Theiler´s disease in a Trakehner caused by contaminated tetanus vaccinemembers
An 11â€yearâ€old Trakehner gelding was presented for evaluation of lethargy, decreased appetite, mild icterus, and elevated hepatic enzyme activities. Physical examination, serum chemistry results, and liver biopsy histopathologic findings were supportive of Theiler`s disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing results of serum and liver tissue were positive for nonprimate (equine) hepacivirus (NPHV) and a novel equine parvovirusâ€hepatitis virus (EqPVâ€H). A serious and finally fatal problem, caused by contaminated vaccine.

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