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Oral budesonide and the pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy dogs
Budesonide is commonly used as an alternative to corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease in humans especially in children and since some years also in some dogs. Does it also alter the pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs? A very interesting new investigation.

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of controlled-ileal-release (CIR) budesonide on the pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs with a normal gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. 10 healthy dogs were included.

5 dogs received CIR budesonide orally once daily for days 1 through 28, and 5 dogs received placebo.

Treatment group dogs that weighed < 18 kg received 2 mg of CIR budesonide; treatment group dogs that weighed > or = 18 kg received 3 mg of CIR budesonide.

In the treatment and placebo groups, there were 3 and 2 dogs, respectively, that weighed > 18 kg. Plasma cortisol concentration before and after ACTH stimulation, basal plasma endogenous ACTH concentration, and body weight were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35.

Serum biochemical analysis, CBC determination, and urinalysis were performed on days 0, 28, and 35.

On days 7, 14, and 21, serum ALP and ALT activities, serum glucose concentration, and urine specific gravity were obtained in lieu of a full hematologic evaluation and urinalysis.

RESULTS: Basal and post-ACTH stimulation plasma cortisol concentrations and plasma endogenous ACTH concentration were significantly suppressed by treatment.
No other variables were altered over the course of the study.

Budesonide suppresses pituitary-adrenal function in dogs with normal gastrointestinal integrity, whereas other variables often affected by glucocorticoids were not altered by a 4-week treatment course.

Budesonide may be a good alternative to traditional cortico-steroids if used short-term for acute exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease.


Source: Stroup ST, Behrend EN, Kemppainen RJ, Smith-Carr S. (2006): Effects of oral administration of controlled-ileal-release budesonide and assessment of pituitary-adrenocortical axis suppression in clinically normal dogs. In: Am J Vet Res. 2006 Jul;67(7):1173-8.



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SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE

Reference intervals for blood parameters in Shetland Sheepdogsmembers
Several breeds have physiological peculiarities that induce variations in reference intervals (RIs) compared with the general canine population. Shetland sheepdogs (SSs) are reported to be more predisposed to different diseases (eg, hyperlipidemia, gallbladder mucocele, and hypothyroidism). Consequently, a breedâ€specific approach is more often required. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the RIs of the general canine population could be applied to that of SSs, and to generate breedâ€specific RIs, where appropriate.

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