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Healing of deep digital flexor tenorrhaphy of horses
Five mature horses were included in this experimental study concerning the healing characteristics of deep digital flexor tenorrhaphy within the digital sheath. One important result: If the immobilizing of the deep digital flexor tendon is not optimal, first intention tendon healing cannot be expected.

Right thoracic limb, deep digital flexor tenorrhaphy was performed within the digital sheath. Limbs were cast in partial flexion using a short limb cast for 6 weeks. Next, extended heel shoes were used for limb support for 14 weeks. Healing was evaluated by sequential ultrasonographic examinations, and limb use was evaluated by force plate analysis. At 26 weeks, mechanical strength and morphologic characteristics of the repair site were evaluated.

Results: Gap (mean, 0.93 cm.) formation was evident in unloaded limbs at 3 weeks. This increased markedly by 6 weeks and was 5 cm at 26 weeks.
Demarcation between the deep and superficial flexor tendons decreased as the transected ends adhered to the dorsal surface of the superficial flexor tendon. The intrathecal space was reduced by fibrous tissue.
Mean maximum load to failure of the repair tissue was 4,616 ± 3,556 N, with a mean stress of 12.99 ± 2.78 MPa. The repair consistently failed at the adhesion between the transected tendon and the superficial flexor tendon.

Conclusions: Intrathecal tenorrhaphy with external coaptation (in partial limb flexion) for 6 weeks resulted in gap healing, fibrous adhesion between the deep and superficial flexor tendons, fibrous tissue reduction of the intrathecal space, and a pasture-sound horse at 26 weeks.

Without improved methods for immobilizing the deep digital flexor tendon, intrathecal tenorrhaphy is unlikely to result in first intention tendon healing.



Source: Jann, Henry, Blaik, Margaret, Emerson, Robert, Tomioka, Michiko, Stein, Larry & Moll, David (2003): Healing characteristics of deep digital flexor tenorrhaphy within the digital sheath of horses. In: Veterinary Surgery 32 (5), 421-430.




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EQUINE

Theiler´s disease in a Trakehner caused by contaminated tetanus vaccinemembers
An 11â€yearâ€old Trakehner gelding was presented for evaluation of lethargy, decreased appetite, mild icterus, and elevated hepatic enzyme activities. Physical examination, serum chemistry results, and liver biopsy histopathologic findings were supportive of Theiler`s disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing results of serum and liver tissue were positive for nonprimate (equine) hepacivirus (NPHV) and a novel equine parvovirusâ€hepatitis virus (EqPVâ€H). A serious and finally fatal problem, caused by contaminated vaccine.

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